Cao Yu (Chinese: 曹禺; pinyin: Cáo Yú; Wade–Giles: Ts'ao Yü, September 24, 1910—December 13, 1996), born as Wan Jiabao (Chinese: 萬家寶/万家宝; pinyin: Wàn Jiābǎo), was a renowned Chinese playwright, often regarded as China's most important of the 20th century. His most well-known works are Thunderstorm (1933), Sunrise (1936) and Peking Man (1940). It is largely through the efforts of Cao Yu that the modern Chinese "spoken theater" took root in 20th-century Chinese literature.

Xiaomei Chen, author of The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Drama, said that Cao was "[e]nthroned as China's Ibsen,[...]"

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