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Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau is a Actor, Director, Scriptwriter and Producer Allemand born on 28 december 1888 at Bielefeld (German)

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau

Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
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Birth name Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
Nationality German
Birth 28 december 1888 at Bielefeld (German)
Death 11 march 1931 (at 42 years) at Santa Barbara (USA)

Friedrich Wilhelm "F. W." Murnau (born Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe; December 28, 1888 – March 11, 1931) was one of the most influential German film directors of the silent era, and a prominent figure in the expressionist movement in German cinema during the 1920s. Murnau was greatly influenced by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare and Ibsen plays he had seen at the age of 12, and became a friend of director Max Reinhardt. During World War I he served as a company commander at the eastern front and was in the German air force, surviving several crashes without any severe injuries.

Murnau's best known work was his 1922 film Nosferatu, an adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula. Although not a commercial success due to copyright issues with Stoker's novel, the film was considered a masterpiece of Expressionist artwork. He was also known for his work with the 1924 film The Last Laugh and his interpretation of Goethe's Faust (1926). He later emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the Fox Studio and made three films, including Sunrise (1927), 4 Devils (1928) and City Girl (1930).

In 1931 Murnau travelled to Bora Bora to make the film Tabu with documentary film pioneer Robert J. Flaherty, who left after artistic disputes with Murnau, who had to finish the movie on his own. A week prior to the opening of the film Tabu, Murnau died in a Santa Barbara hospital from injuries he had received in an automobile accident that occurred along the Pacific Coast Highway near Rincon Beach, south of Santa Barbara.

Although some of Murnau's films have been lost, most still survive.

Biography

Friedrich Plumpe naît dans une famille de la moyenne bourgeoisie allemande ; son père, Heinrich Plumpe, est éditeur de tissus, et sa mère, Ottilie, enseignante. Il commence des études de philologie à Berlin et d'histoire de l'art à Heidelberg, en 1908, il rejoint la troupe théâtrale de Max Reinhardt , en 1910 il prend le nom de Murnau (nom d'une ville proche) puis abandonne définitivement ses études pour se consacrer au théâtre. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, il est mobilisé et, en raison de sa grande taille, est intégré dans le premier régiment de la Garde impérial, puis il sert dans l'aviation. Malgré huit crashs, il n'est jamais gravement blessé, mais il est fait prisonnier en Suisse en décembre 1917. En 1919, il retourne dans son pays natal.

Il commence par signer des œuvres sentimentales ou fantastiques qui s'inscrivent dans la tradition du romantisme allemand. Il s'affirme très vite comme un réalisateur de grand talent par un style vif et tourmenté qui évoque l'expressionnisme pictural et poétique. Ce style éclate dans un film resté célèbre, inspiré du Dracula de Bram Stoker, Nosferatu le vampire sorti en 1922.

Il enchaîne les films forts, entre réalisme et fantastique, et réalise des œuvres majeures, comme Le Dernier des hommes (1924), avec Emil Jannings, et Faust, une légende allemande (1926), qui l'imposent aux côtés de Fritz Lang et Georg Wilhelm Pabst comme une des principales figures du cinéma allemand.

Son travail est remarqué aux États-Unis, où il se rend, invité par les studios de la Fox en 1926, et où il réalise L'Aurore, qui est considéré comme son chef-d'œuvre et comme un des plus grands films de l'histoire du cinéma.



Décidé à faire carrière aux États-Unis, il y réalise d'autres films dans un style assez réaliste jusqu'à son dernier, d'esprit symboliste, Tabou, tourné en Polynésie et coproduit avec Robert Flaherty. C'est au cours de ce tournage qu'il fait la connaissance du photographe français Émile Savitry et, admiratif de son travail, il l'engage comme photographe de plateau pendant quatre mois. Ce tournage sera émaillé de déboires, perçus par les Maoris comme étant en rapport avec la violation du site sacré de l'île de Motu Tapu par le réalisateur, qui déplaça une pierre sacrée pour poser le pied de sa caméra.

Quelques mois plus tard, à quarante-deux ans, il meurt à la suite d'un accident de la route, une semaine avant la première de Tabou, sa voiture, conduite par un chauffeur, ayant percuté un poteau électrique sur la côte californienne.

En 2015, « entre le 4 et le 12 juillet », le caveau de la famille Murnau, au cimetière du Südwestkirchof der Berliner Stadtsynodede Stahnsdorf, dans les environs de Berlin, est profané par des inconnus et l’administration du cimetière constate que le crâne du cinéaste a été dérobé.

Murnau était homosexuel, comme l'a rapporté l'historienne du cinéma Lotte H. Eisner.

Les archives de F.W. Murnau sont déposées à l'Université Humbolt de Berlin.

En 1966 est créée la Fondation Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau / Murnau Stiftung qui a pour mission de préserver le patrimoine cinématographique allemand.

Best films

Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927)
(Director)
4 Devils (1928)
(Director)
Tabu (1931)
(Director)

Usually with

Karl Freund
Karl Freund
(10 films)
Erich Pommer
Erich Pommer
(8 films)
Carl Mayer
Carl Mayer
(7 films)
Source : Wikidata

Filmography of Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (22 films)

Display filmography as list

Actor

Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, 1h35
Directed by Herman Bing, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Horror, Crime, Romance
Themes Children's films
Actors George O'Brien, Janet Gaynor, Margaret Livingston, Bodil Rosing, Arthur Housman, J. Farrell MacDonald
Roles Dancer (uncredited)
Rating80% 4.0479554.0479554.0479554.0479554.047955
A vacationing Woman from the City (Margaret Livingston) lingers in a lakeside town for weeks. After dark, she goes to a farmhouse where the Man (George O'Brien) and the Wife (Janet Gaynor) live with their child. She whistles from the fence outside. The Man is torn, but finally departs, leaving his wife with the memories of better times when they were deeply in love.

Director

Tabu
Tabu (1931)
, 1h24
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Adventure, Romance
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Rating73% 3.6948153.6948153.6948153.6948153.694815
Aged emissary Hitu arrives by western sailing ship to the island of Bora Bora, a small island in the South Pacific, on an important mission. He bears a message from the chief of Fanuma to the chief of Bora Bora: a maiden sacred to their gods has died, and Reri has been given the great honour of replacing her because of her royal blood and virtue. From this point on, she is tabu: "man must not touch her or cast upon her the eye of desire" upon penalty of death. This is painful news to Reri and the young man Matahi, who love each other. Matahi cannot bear it. That night, he sneaks her off the ship, and the couple escape the island by outrigger canoe.
City Girl
City Girl (1930)
, 1h17
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Romance
Actors Charles Farrell, Mary Duncan, Anne Shirley, David Torrence, Edith Yorke, Tom McGuire
Rating76% 3.8427153.8427153.8427153.8427153.842715
The city girl Kate falls in love with farmer Lem. He takes Kate to his family farm but Kate has trouble being accepted by the family.
4 Devils
4 Devils (1928)
, 1h40
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Action
Themes Circus films, Films about children
Actors Janet Gaynor, Charles Morton, Anders Randolf, Barry Norton, J. Farrell MacDonald, George Davis
Rating70% 3.526323.526323.526323.526323.52632
The plot concerns four orphans (Janet Gaynor, Nancy Drexel, Barry Norton, and Charles Morton) who become a high wire act, and centers around sinister goings-on at a circus.
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, 1h35
Directed by Herman Bing, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Horror, Crime, Romance
Themes Children's films
Actors George O'Brien, Janet Gaynor, Margaret Livingston, Bodil Rosing, Arthur Housman, J. Farrell MacDonald
Rating80% 4.0479554.0479554.0479554.0479554.047955
A vacationing Woman from the City (Margaret Livingston) lingers in a lakeside town for weeks. After dark, she goes to a farmhouse where the Man (George O'Brien) and the Wife (Janet Gaynor) live with their child. She whistles from the fence outside. The Man is torn, but finally departs, leaving his wife with the memories of better times when they were deeply in love.
Tartuffe
Tartuffe (1926)
, 1h14
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin German
Genres Drama, Comedy
Themes Théâtre, Films based on plays, Molière au cinéma
Actors Werner Krauss, Lil Dagover, Lucie Höflich, Emil Jannings, Hermann Picha, Camilla Horn
Rating70% 3.547563.547563.547563.547563.54756
Un vieux conseiller est dupe de l'hypocrisie de sa gouvernante : pour lui ouvrir les yeux, son petit-fils va lui projeter une comédie filmée intitulée « Tartuffe ». La séance terminée, l'impudente sera démasquée et chassée.
Faust
Faust (1926)
, 1h40
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Genres Drama, Science fiction, Fantasy, Horror
Themes Poésie, Films about religion, Demons in film, Adaptation d'un poème, Films based on plays
Actors Gösta Ekman, Sr., Emil Jannings, Camilla Horn, William Dieterle, Frida Richard, Yvette Guilbert
Rating80% 4.0469554.0469554.0469554.0469554.046955
The demon Mephisto has a bet with an Archangel that he can corrupt a righteous man's soul and destroy in him what is divine. If he succeeds, the Devil will win dominion over earth.
The Last Laugh, 1h26
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, Edgar George Ulmer
Origin German
Genres Drama
Themes Films about the labor movement
Actors Emil Jannings, Maly Delschaft, Hans Unterkircher, Olaf Storm, Max Hiller, Georg John
Rating79% 3.9969653.9969653.9969653.9969653.996965
Jannings' character, the doorman for a famous hotel, is demoted to washroom (restroom) attendant, as he is considered too old and infirm to be the image of the hotel. He tries to conceal his demotion from his friends and family, but to his shame, he is discovered. His friends, thinking he has lied to them all along about his prestigious job, taunt him mercilessly while his family rejects him out of shame. The man, shocked and in incredible grief, returns to the hotel to sleep in the washroom where he works. The only person to be kind towards him is the night watchman, who covers him with his coat as he falls asleep.
Driven from Home, 40minutes
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Genres Drama
Actors Carl Goetz, Ilka Grüning, Eugen Gottlob Klöpfer, William Dieterle, Aud Egede-Nissen, Robert Leffler
Rating72% 3.612263.612263.612263.612263.61226
Steyer mène une vie retirée dans les Monts des Géants : avec ses parents, sa seconde épouse Ludmilla et sa fille Ænne née d'un premier mariage, il exploite une mine. Mais Ludmilla n'a épousé Steyer que pour l'argent : elle est soumise au chasseur Lauer, qu'elle continue de voir en secret. Lorsque Steyer découvre son infortune et qu'il surprend Lauer devant la mine, il interroge vivement sa femme. Celle-ci nie tout et lui dit que Lauer vient en réalité voir Ænne ; le soir, elle emmène son mari danser pour lui prouver son amour. Steyer, rentré saoûl, n'a plus qu'une idée : fiancer sa fille Ænne à Lauer, et revendre sa mine. Il s'aperçoit trop tard de sa méprise : sa maison est vendue, Ludmilla a disparu avec Lauer et lorsqu'il s'en retourne vers la mine, ses parents déménagent. Il a tout perdu en l'espace d'une nuit.
The Burning Soil, 1h50
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin German
Genres Drama
Actors Eugen Gottlob Klöpfer, Vladimir Gajdarov, Werner Krauss, Eduard von Winterstein, Lya De Putti, Alfred Abel
Rating68% 3.4350153.4350153.4350153.4350153.435015
“Devil's Field” is a cursed place, that scares the entire population of a small village of Silesia, because an ancestor of the family Rudenburg perished there victim of a mysterious explosion while digging a well in search of a buried treasure. Count von Rudenburg, current title holder, is also searching for the treasure, without result. He lives in his castle with his second wife, Helga, and a daughter from a first marriage, capricious Gerda.
Phantom
Phantom (1922)
, 2h25
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Fantasy, Romance
Actors Alfred Abel, Lil Dagover, Lya De Putti, Anton Edthofer, Aud Egede-Nissen, Hans Heinrich von Twardowski
Rating66% 3.3480053.3480053.3480053.3480053.348005
The film is told in an extended flashback. Lorenz Lubota (Alfred Abel), is a clerk in a minor government office, an aspiring poet, and a member of a family headed by a worrisome mother who has a tense relationship with a daughter, Melanie, whom the mother believes works as a prostitute. One day, while Lorenz is walking to work, a woman (Lya De Putti) driving two white horses hits him in the road, knocking him to the ground. Physically, he is unharmed, but from that point forward, the woman in the carriage (named Veronika) consumes his every thought.
Nosferatu
Nosferatu (1922)
, 1h34
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin German
Genres Drama, Fantasy, Horror
Themes Films about magic and magicians, Medical-themed films, Dracula films, Vampires in film, Films about viral outbreaks
Actors Max Schreck, Gustav von Wangenheim, Greta Schröder, Alexander Granach, Wolfgang Heinz, Georg H. Schnell
Rating78% 3.9480853.9480853.9480853.9480853.948085
Thomas Hutter lives in the fictitious German city of Wisborg. His employer, Knock, sends Hutter to Transylvania to visit a new client named Count Orlok. Hutter entrusts his loving wife Ellen to his good friend Harding and Harding's sister Annie, before embarking on his long journey. Nearing his destination in the Carpathian mountains, Hutter stops at an inn for dinner. The locals become frightened by the mere mention of Orlok's name and discourage him from traveling to his castle at night, warning of a werewolf on the prowl. The next morning, Hutter takes a coach to a high mountain pass, but the coachmen decline to take him any further than the bridge as nightfall is approaching. A black-swathed coach appears after Hutter crosses the bridge and the coachman gestures for him to climb aboard. Hutter is welcomed at a castle by Count Orlok. When Hutter is eating dinner and accidentally cuts his thumb, Orlok tries to suck the blood out, but his repulsed guest pulls his hand away.
Desire
Desire (1921)
, 59minutes
Directed by Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin German
Genres Drama, Horror
Actors Conrad Veidt, Gussy Holl, Eugen Gottlob Klöpfer, Hubert von Meyerinck, Paul Graetz, Paul Graetz
Rating68% 3.4469553.4469553.4469553.4469553.446955
Dans le cadre d'une mission pour les nihilistes, un danseur russe tombe amoureux d'une duchesse avant d'être arrêté. Il parvient ensuite à s'évader et part à sa recherche.