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Robert Flaherty is a Director, Scriptwriter, Producer, Co-Director, Director of Photography, Editor, Title Designer, Sound and Cinematography American born on 16 february 1884 at Iron Mountain (USA)

Robert Flaherty

Robert Flaherty
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Birth name Robert Joseph Flaherty
Nationality USA
Birth 16 february 1884 at Iron Mountain (USA)
Death 23 july 1951 (at 67 years) at Dummerston (USA)

Robert Joseph Flaherty, FRGS (/ˈflæərti/; February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922). The film made his reputation and nothing in his later life fully equaled its success, although he continued the development of this new genre of docufiction, e.g. with Moana (1926), set in the South Seas, and Man of Aran (1934), filmed in Ireland's Aran Islands.

He is a progenitor of docufiction and ethnographic film (ethnofiction). Jean Rouch and John Collier Jr. would practice and theorise the genre as visual anthropology, a subfield of anthropology, in the 1960s.

Flaherty was married to writer Frances H. Flaherty from 1914 until his death in 1951. Frances worked on several of her husband's films, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Story for Louisiana Story (1948).

Biography

Né d'une famille issue de l'émigration irlandaise , installée à Iron Mountain, Robert Flaherty est l’aîné des sept enfants de Robert H. et de Suzan Kloeckner Flaherty. Il suit des études au Upper Canada College de Toronto puis au Michigan College of Mines d'où il sera expulsé après sept mois de scolarité. Il commence sa carrière comme explorateur, cartographe et géologue dans la région de la Baie d'Hudson, au Canada, pour le compte d'une compagnie minière. En 1913, lors de sa troisième expédition dans cette région, son patron, Sir William Mackenzie lui suggère de se munir d'une caméra afin de filmer la nature sauvage ainsi que les gens qui y vivent. Flaherty est particulièrement intéressé par les Inuit.

Son premier reportage filmé date de 1916. Le film, enregistré sur un support nitrate très inflammable est malencontreusement détruit par une cigarette. De cette malheureuse expérience, il découvrira qu'il ne veut plus faire des films de voyages et d'expédition, mais plutôt des films de connaissance et de rapprochement des peuples plus éloignés. Nanouk l'Esquimau (Nanook of the North), est un travail de commande, réalisé pour le grand fourreur parisien Révillon Frères. Le film obtient un immense succès public. Pourtant, les choix de Flaherty dans le traitement du sujet, comme le fait de mettre en avant la personnalité de Nanook, lui attirent des critiques, certains allant jusqu'à l'accuser de manipulation. Le reproche n'est pas tout à fait injustifié, car certains événements ont été effectivement mis en scène.

Flaherty part dans l'hémisphère Sud en 1923 pour tourner Moana en Polynésie. Il passe un an à Samoa entre avril 1923 et décembre 1924, et raconte la vie des Polynésiens. Durant cette période, il s'intéresse aussi à l'aspect technique des prises de vue, il souhaite faire des images en couleur avec un nouveau procédé photographique. Mais le film est finalement tourné en noir et blanc
En 1929 à Bali, Robert Flaherty rencontre Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau qui lui propose de créer une société de production cinématographique. Ensemble, ils coproduisent Tabou, ils participent tous les deux à l'écriture du scénario, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau réalise le film, et Robert Flaherty devait être directeur de la photo, mais Murnau engage le cadreur, Floyd Crosby, qui apporte sa caméra et doit aider Flaherty. Flaherty ne tourne que quelques plans, et Crosby gagnera un oscar pour l'image de ce film. Flaherty et Murnau sont en désaccord sur la mise en scène, Flaherty croyant à l'authenticité du documentaire et ayant voulu filmer l'exploitation des autochtones par les blancs. Il estime que la façon dont Murnau dirige les acteurs est une manipulation.

Les parents de Flaherty étaient irlandais d’origine. Le cinéaste rêvait de filmer la terre de ses ancêtres. Grâce à John Grierson il part durant deux ans dans la petite ile irlandaise d'Aran, entre novembre 1931 et le printemps 1933. Il tourne L'Homme d'Aran (Man of Aran) la lutte pour la vie d'une famille de pécheurs, une véritable épopée de l’homme face à la nature, le film est un poème lyrique et non un film d’ethnologue.

En 1948, il tourne son dernier documentaire Louisiana Story ce film relate l'installation d'une plateforme d'extraction de pétrole dans les marais de Louisiane. C'est une commande de la Standard Oil Company destinée à montrer les problèmes de la recherche pétrolière en milieu difficile. Robert Flaherty raconte la vie d'un jeune garçon dans la nature sauvage des marais et confronté à l'arrivée des techniciens venus installer un derrick.

Les archives de Robert Flaherty sont déposées à la bibliothèque de l'Université Columbia de New York.

En 1960 est créé le Flaherty Seminar dont l'objet est la promotion du film documentaire .

Best films

The Titan: Story of Michelangelo (1950)
(Director)
Louisiana Story (1948)
(Director)
White Shadows in the South Seas (1928)
(Director)
Tabu (1931)
(Director)
Prelude to War (1942)
(Director of Photography)

Usually with

Source : Wikidata

Filmography of Robert Flaherty (12 films)

Display filmography as list

Director

Louisiana Story, 1h18
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Serge Roullet
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Documentary, Adventure
Themes Films about children
Rating64% 3.2485153.2485153.2485153.2485153.248515
A first-hand viewing of the film reveals a story dealing with the adventures of a young Cajun boy and his pet raccoon, who live a somewhat idyllic existence playing in the bayous of Louisiana. A sub-plot involves his elderly father's allowing an oil company to drill for oil in the inlet that runs behind their house.
Elephant Boy, 1h25
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Zoltan Korda
Origin United-kingdom
Genres Drama, Adventure
Themes Films about animals, Mise en scène d'un éléphant, Mise en scène d'un tigre, Mise en scène d'un mammifère
Actors Sabu, Walter Hudd, Wilfrid Hyde-White, Allan Jeayes, Bruce Gordon, Bruce Gordon
Rating63% 3.1986753.1986753.1986753.1986753.198675
Toomai (Sabu), a young boy growing up in India, longs to become a hunter. In the meantime, he helps his mahout (elephant driver) father with Kala Nag, a large elephant that has been in their family for four generations.
Man of Aran, 1h16
Directed by Robert Flaherty
Origin United-kingdom
Genres Drama, Documentary
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films, Films about the labor movement, Documentaire sur le monde du travail
Rating71% 3.5964453.5964453.5964453.5964453.596445
The film opens with a boy crab fishing. We then observe three fishermen landing a flimsy holed curragh in the force of the wind and the huge waves. Next we see some of the hardships of mundane Aran life: making a field on the barren rocks using seaweed and soil scraped out of rock crevices, fixing holes in the boat with a mixture of cloth and tar, rendering the liver of the giant basking shark. The film follows as the men of Aran harpoon the huge beasts from their bád iomartha (a wooden carvel hulled craft), the film ends with another storm sequence where the distressed family on shore watch the prolonged struggle of the boat to land safely against the elements.
Tabu
Tabu (1931)
, 1h24
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Adventure, Romance
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Rating73% 3.6948153.6948153.6948153.6948153.694815
Aged emissary Hitu arrives by western sailing ship to the island of Bora Bora, a small island in the South Pacific, on an important mission. He bears a message from the chief of Fanuma to the chief of Bora Bora: a maiden sacred to their gods has died, and Reri has been given the great honour of replacing her because of her royal blood and virtue. From this point on, she is tabu: "man must not touch her or cast upon her the eye of desire" upon penalty of death. This is painful news to Reri and the young man Matahi, who love each other. Matahi cannot bear it. That night, he sneaks her off the ship, and the couple escape the island by outrigger canoe.
White Shadows in the South Seas, 1h28
Directed by Robert Flaherty, W. S. Van Dyke
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Action, Adventure, Romance
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Actors Monte Blue, Raquel Torres, Robert Anderson, Dorothy Janis
Rating67% 3.392423.392423.392423.392423.39242
Dr. Matthew Lloyd, an alcoholic doctor, is disgusted by white people's exploitation of the natives on a Polynesian island. The natives dive for pearls. However, numerous accidents occur and one diver dies. In anger, Dr. Lloyd punches Sebastian, the employer. He tricks Dr. Lloyd onto a ship with a diseased crew (thinking they are ill), and his men rough up Dr. Lloyd and send the ship off into a storm. Dr. Lloyd survives and is washed ashore on an island where none of the natives has ever seen a white man....
Moana
Moana (1926)
, 1h17
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Frances Flaherty
Origin USA
Genres Documentary
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Rating67% 3.388423.388423.388423.388423.38842
Tourné sur la petite île polynésienne de Savai'i, le film montre la vie quotidienne d'une famille d'indigènes de l'île, dans le village de Safune.
Nanook of the North, 1h18
Directed by Robert Flaherty
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Documentary, Adventure
Actors Berry Kroeger
Rating75% 3.7939453.7939453.7939453.7939453.793945
The documentary follows the lives of an Inuk, Nanook, and his family as they travel, search for food, and trade in northern Quebec, Canada. Nanook, his wife, Nyla, and their family are introduced as fearless heroes who endure rigors "no other race" could survive.

Scriptwriter

Louisiana Story, 1h18
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Serge Roullet
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Documentary, Adventure
Themes Films about children
Roles Ecrivain
Rating64% 3.2485153.2485153.2485153.2485153.248515
A first-hand viewing of the film reveals a story dealing with the adventures of a young Cajun boy and his pet raccoon, who live a somewhat idyllic existence playing in the bayous of Louisiana. A sub-plot involves his elderly father's allowing an oil company to drill for oil in the inlet that runs behind their house.
Man of Aran, 1h16
Directed by Robert Flaherty
Origin United-kingdom
Genres Drama, Documentary
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films, Films about the labor movement, Documentaire sur le monde du travail
Roles Writer
Rating71% 3.5964453.5964453.5964453.5964453.596445
The film opens with a boy crab fishing. We then observe three fishermen landing a flimsy holed curragh in the force of the wind and the huge waves. Next we see some of the hardships of mundane Aran life: making a field on the barren rocks using seaweed and soil scraped out of rock crevices, fixing holes in the boat with a mixture of cloth and tar, rendering the liver of the giant basking shark. The film follows as the men of Aran harpoon the huge beasts from their bád iomartha (a wooden carvel hulled craft), the film ends with another storm sequence where the distressed family on shore watch the prolonged struggle of the boat to land safely against the elements.
Tabu
Tabu (1931)
, 1h24
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Adventure, Romance
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Rating73% 3.6948153.6948153.6948153.6948153.694815
Aged emissary Hitu arrives by western sailing ship to the island of Bora Bora, a small island in the South Pacific, on an important mission. He bears a message from the chief of Fanuma to the chief of Bora Bora: a maiden sacred to their gods has died, and Reri has been given the great honour of replacing her because of her royal blood and virtue. From this point on, she is tabu: "man must not touch her or cast upon her the eye of desire" upon penalty of death. This is painful news to Reri and the young man Matahi, who love each other. Matahi cannot bear it. That night, he sneaks her off the ship, and the couple escape the island by outrigger canoe.
Moana
Moana (1926)
, 1h17
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Frances Flaherty
Origin USA
Genres Documentary
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films
Rating67% 3.388423.388423.388423.388423.38842
Tourné sur la petite île polynésienne de Savai'i, le film montre la vie quotidienne d'une famille d'indigènes de l'île, dans le village de Safune.
Nanook of the North, 1h18
Directed by Robert Flaherty
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Documentary, Adventure
Actors Berry Kroeger
Roles Writer
Rating75% 3.7939453.7939453.7939453.7939453.793945
The documentary follows the lives of an Inuk, Nanook, and his family as they travel, search for food, and trade in northern Quebec, Canada. Nanook, his wife, Nyla, and their family are introduced as fearless heroes who endure rigors "no other race" could survive.

Producer

Louisiana Story, 1h18
Directed by Robert Flaherty, Serge Roullet
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Documentary, Adventure
Themes Films about children
Roles Producer
Rating64% 3.2485153.2485153.2485153.2485153.248515
A first-hand viewing of the film reveals a story dealing with the adventures of a young Cajun boy and his pet raccoon, who live a somewhat idyllic existence playing in the bayous of Louisiana. A sub-plot involves his elderly father's allowing an oil company to drill for oil in the inlet that runs behind their house.