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Winsor McCay is a Actor, Director, Scriptwriter, Producer and Animation American born on 26 september 1869 at Michigan (USA)

Winsor McCay

Winsor McCay
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Birth name McCay
Nationality USA
Birth 26 september 1869 at Michigan (USA)
Death 26 july 1934 (at 64 years) at Brooklyn (USA)

Zenas Winsor McCay (c. 1867–1871 or September 26, 1869 – July 26, 1934) was an American cartoonist and animator. He is best known for the comic strip Little Nemo (1905–14; 1924–26) and the animated film Gertie the Dinosaur (1914). For contractual reasons, he worked under the pen name Silas on the comic strip Dream of the Rarebit Fiend.

Since a young age, McCay was a prolific, technically dextrous artist. He began his professional career making posters and performing for dime museums, and began illustrating newspapers and magazines in 1898. He joined the New York Herald in 1903, where he created popular comic strips such as Little Sammy Sneeze and Dream of the Rarebit Fiend. In 1905, his signature strip Little Nemo in Slumberland debuted, a work which demonstrated McCay's mastery of color and linear perspective. At the same time, McCay was doing chalk talks on the vaudeville circuit. Between 1911 and 1921 he produced ten animated films; these included Gertie the Dinosaur, which he used as an interactive part of his vaudeville act. McCay joined William Randolph Hearst's chain of newspapers in 1911, after which his comic strip, vaudeville, and animation work was gradually curtailed as Hearst expected him to devote his energies to editorial cartooning.

In his drawing, McCay made bold, prodigious use of linear perspective such as in detailed architecture and cityscapes. He textured his editorial cartoons with fine hatching, and made color a central element in Little Nemo. The technical level of McCay's animation was unmatched until Walt Disney's feature films arrived in the 1930s. He pioneered inbetweening, the use of registration marks, cycling, and other animation techniques that became standard. His comic strip work has influenced generations of artists, including William Joyce, André LeBlanc, Moebius, Maurice Sendak, Chris Ware, Bill Plympton and Bill Watterson.

Biography

Le lieu et la date de naissance exacte de Winsor McCay sont incertains. Il déclara être né à Spring Lake dans le Michigan en 1871, mais sa pierre tombale indique 1869, et les archives du recensement indiquent qu'il serait né au Canada en 1867. Son nom de baptême est Zenas Winsor McKay, en l'honneur de l'employeur de son père : Zenas G. Winsor.

Winsor McCay a très tôt une vocation pour le dessin. À l'âge de 16 ans, sous l'influence de son professeur de dessin John Goodison, il découvre et développe ses qualités pour les perspectives architecturales originales et riches en effets inédits. Très vite, il utilise ses dons et se lance dans une carrière itinérante de peintre publicitaire et de décorateur. À 17 ans, il se fixe à Chicago et poursuit ses études artistiques. Il est particulièrement sensible aux constructions réalisées pour l'exposition universelle, et aux gratte-ciel qui jaillissent des décombres de l'incendie de 1871. À 19 ans, il est déjà un peintre et décorateur apprécié et expérimenté, si bien qu'il est employé par le Morton's Dime Museum de Cincinnati, musée d'histoire naturelle, d'ethnographie où se produisent des forains. Pendant une dizaine d'années, de 1886 à 1896, Winsor McCay produit des milliers de dessins pour les parcs d'attraction (Wonderland) qui sont alors en vogue aux États-Unis. Il est fort probable qu'il exerce également le métier de dessinateur forain : virtuose au travail, il impressionne les visiteurs. En 1891 il se marie avec Maud Leonore Dufour (alors âgée de 14 ans). En 1897, il commence à travailler pour la presse locale de Cincinnati et Life pour lequel il réalise caricatures et dessins de science-fiction. Il est repéré par James Gordon Bennett propriétaire des très respectés New York Herald et Evening Telegram qui l'embauche. McCay s'installe à New York en octobre 1903.


Petit Sammy et l'amateur de fondue au Chester





Petit Sammy éternue







Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester







Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester





Pour James Gordon Bennett, McCay, réalise des planches pour les suppléments illustrés des journaux du dimanche. Dans Le petit Sammy éternue (1904), les éternuements du petit Sammy causent dévastations et catastrophes dans un univers ordonné, de même les cris stridents de Henrietta l’affamée (1905) provoquent la terreur. Mais c'est avec Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester publié dans le Evening Telegram sous le pseudonyme de Silas et Little Nemo in Slumberland publié dans le New York Herald que Winsor McCay atteint le sommet de son art et peut se plonger dans ses thèmes favoris : le pays des songes, illusions, architectures utopiques, onirisme… Les deux strips se répondent l'un l'autre. Les Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester développent la métaphore négative du cauchemar, les strips sont ancrés dans la réalité du New York des années 1900, et abordent les thèmes inhérents à la vie quotidienne urbaine et aux inquiétudes causées par la société industrielle et urbaine naissante. Les Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester parlent des désirs et angoisses des New-yorkais face à la modernité.


Little Nemo




Little Nemo poursuivi par des maisons







Little Nemo et le rétrécissement de la terre







Little Nemo et une créature







Little Nemo et Gertie





À partir du 24 septembre 1905 Winsor McCay crée Little Nemo in Slumberland pour le New York Herald de J. Pulitzer. Cette bande dessinée utilise systématiquement des phylactères, et W. McCay abandonne la mise en page classique des strips en créant des cases de dimensions variables selon les besoins du récit. Les couleurs jouent un rôle important car McCay utilise des couleurs entre tons pastels et couleurs pures dans un style art nouveau. W. McCay s’adresse avec cette œuvre à un public adulte comme il le faisait déjà en 1904 avec Little Sammy Sneeze qui détruit le cadre de sa case en éternuant. Little Nemo in Slumberland développe la métaphore positive du rêve. Les couleurs y sont vives, les décors fantastiques avec des perspectives riches d'illusions et d'inventions graphiques, le monde onirique de McCay y est poussé à son paroxysme. Little Nemo in Slumberland propose une évasion aux pays des merveilles, au pays des distractions féeriques, au pays des inventions du génial démiurge McCay. Little Nemo in Slumberland rencontre un grand succès public. Même si chacune des planches dominicales se termine par la même chute (Little Nemo tombe de son lit et se réveille), les rêves se suivent et forment une intrigue qui se développe d'une aventure à l'autre, les personnages changent au fur à mesure de leurs aventures rêvées. Little Nemo in Slumberland est ainsi la première bande dessinée à adopter la pratique de la suite feuilletonesque. Lorsque McCay est débauché par le groupe de presse du tout puissant William Randolph Hearst en 1911 Little Nemo est rebaptisé In the Land of Wonderful Dreams et la série continue jusqu'en 1914. McCay poursuit ses réflexions sur la société contemporaine sous divers titres dont Day Dreams dans le New York Evening Journal.


Gertie






















À partir de 1909, Winsor McCay délaisse un peu la bande dessinée pour se consacrer à un nouveau média : le dessin animé pour y adapter les aventures de son personnage fétiche, Little Nemo. Comme Émile Cohl à la même époque, il travaille sur papier (le cellulo n'existe pas encore) et réalise tous les dessins de sa propre main. Avec Gertie le dinosaure premier dinosaure de l'histoire du cinéma, Winsor McCay invente le personnage du dessin animé moderne : un personnage central doté d'une personnalité propre et attachante. La science de la perspective permet à McCay de rendre parfaitement les effets en 3D. Ce film sera cité en exemple lors des balbutiements des dessins animés par ordinateur dans les années 1970. Il ne manque que le son au film. Qu'à cela ne tienne, McCay reprend le chemin des forains de ses années de formation et présente lui-même ses films à travers l'Amérique; durant les projections, véritable show man, il fait en direct les bruitages sonores et participe même au film (il donne lui-même des ordres à Gertie qui présente un numéro de music-hall et participe à l'intrigue au point d'intégrer le film à la fin). Le film est également riche en illusions d'optiques. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, McCay réalise des petits films qui reprennent des gags des Cauchemars de l'amateur de fondue au Chester.

Mais il est rattrapé par les progrès de l'industrie cinématographique et, isolé et indépendant des studios, il doit renoncer au cinéma d'animation. Il continue cependant ses collaborations avec les journaux de William Randolph Hearst pour lesquels il réalise des illustrations et des caricatures sur les thèmes d'actualité. Parallèlement, McCay travaille anonymement pour la publicité. Il meurt brusquement le 26 juillet 1934.

Usually with

John Bunny
John Bunny
(2 films)
Tom Powers
Tom Powers
(1 films)
Moe Howard
Moe Howard
(1 films)
Max Fleischer
Max Fleischer
(1 films)
Source : Wikidata

Filmography of Winsor McCay (8 films)

Display filmography as list

Actor

The Sinking of the Lusitania, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Drama, War, Historical, Animation
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films, Documentary films about historical events, Documentary films about technology, Political films, Disaster films, Films about seafaring accidents or incidents
Actors Winsor McCay
Roles Himself
Rating67% 3.3903253.3903253.3903253.3903253.390325
The film opens with a live-action prologue in which McCay busies himself studying a picture of the Lusitania as a model for his film-in-progress. Intertitles boast of McCay as "the originator and inventor of Animated Cartoons", and of the 25,000 drawings needed to complete the film. McCay is shown working with a group of anonymous assistants on "the first record of the sinking of the Lusitania".
Gertie the Dinosaur, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Themes Films about animals, Dinosaur films, La préhistoire, Animaux préhistoriques
Actors Winsor McCay, Max Fleischer, Tom Powers, John Bunny
Roles Himself
Rating70% 3.538783.538783.538783.538783.53878
When her master McCay calls her, the frisky, childlike Gertie appears from a cave. Her whip-wielding master has her do tricks such as raising her foot or bowing on command. When she feels she has been pushed too far, she nips back at her master. She cries when he scolds her, and he placates her with a pumpkin. Throughout the act, prehistoric denizens such as a flying lizard continually distract Gertie. She tosses a mammoth in the lake; when it teases her by spraying her with water, she hurls a boulder at it as it swims away. After she quenches her thirst by draining the lake, McCay has her carry him offstage while he bows to the audience.
Little Nemo
Directed by Winsor McCay, James Stuart Blackton
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Actors John Bunny, Winsor McCay, Maurice Costello, Moe Howard
Roles Himself
Rating70% 3.532743.532743.532743.532743.53274
Following credits proclaiming McCay as "The Famous Cartoonist of the New York Herald" and "the first artist to attempt drawing pictures that will move", McCay sits in a restaurant with a group of colleagues, cartoonist George McManus, actor John Bunny and publisher Eugene V. Brewster among them. McCay bets the group that in one month he can make 4,000 drawings move. The group laughs and gestures that he is drunk or crazy. McCay sets to work in a studio where he directs workers to move around bundles of paper and barrels of ink. A month later, McCay gathers his colleagues in front of a film projector. McCay rapidly sketches characters from the cast of his Little Nemo comic strip.

Director

The Sinking of the Lusitania, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Drama, War, Historical, Animation
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films, Documentary films about historical events, Documentary films about technology, Political films, Disaster films, Films about seafaring accidents or incidents
Actors Winsor McCay
Rating67% 3.3903253.3903253.3903253.3903253.390325
The film opens with a live-action prologue in which McCay busies himself studying a picture of the Lusitania as a model for his film-in-progress. Intertitles boast of McCay as "the originator and inventor of Animated Cartoons", and of the 25,000 drawings needed to complete the film. McCay is shown working with a group of anonymous assistants on "the first record of the sinking of the Lusitania".
Gertie the Dinosaur, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Themes Films about animals, Dinosaur films, La préhistoire, Animaux préhistoriques
Actors Winsor McCay, Max Fleischer, Tom Powers, John Bunny
Rating70% 3.538783.538783.538783.538783.53878
When her master McCay calls her, the frisky, childlike Gertie appears from a cave. Her whip-wielding master has her do tricks such as raising her foot or bowing on command. When she feels she has been pushed too far, she nips back at her master. She cries when he scolds her, and he placates her with a pumpkin. Throughout the act, prehistoric denizens such as a flying lizard continually distract Gertie. She tosses a mammoth in the lake; when it teases her by spraying her with water, she hurls a boulder at it as it swims away. After she quenches her thirst by draining the lake, McCay has her carry him offstage while he bows to the audience.
How a Mosquito Operates, 6minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Themes Films about animals, Films about insects
Rating62% 3.145123.145123.145123.145123.14512
A man looks around apprehensively before entering his room to go to sleep. A giant mosquito (with top hat and briefcase) flies in through a transom after it finds itself too large to squeeze in through a keyhole. It repeatedly feeds on the sleeping man, who tries in vain to shoo away his assailant. Eventually, the mosquito drinks itself so full that it explodes.
Little Nemo
Directed by Winsor McCay, James Stuart Blackton
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Actors John Bunny, Winsor McCay, Maurice Costello, Moe Howard
Rating70% 3.532743.532743.532743.532743.53274
Following credits proclaiming McCay as "The Famous Cartoonist of the New York Herald" and "the first artist to attempt drawing pictures that will move", McCay sits in a restaurant with a group of colleagues, cartoonist George McManus, actor John Bunny and publisher Eugene V. Brewster among them. McCay bets the group that in one month he can make 4,000 drawings move. The group laughs and gestures that he is drunk or crazy. McCay sets to work in a studio where he directs workers to move around bundles of paper and barrels of ink. A month later, McCay gathers his colleagues in front of a film projector. McCay rapidly sketches characters from the cast of his Little Nemo comic strip.

Scriptwriter

Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland, 1h35
Directed by Masanori Hata, William T. Hurtz, Masami Hata
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Fantasy, Adventure, Musical, Animation
Themes Circus films, Films about magic and magicians, Musical films, Children's films
Actors Gabriel Damon, Mickey Rooney, René Auberjonois, Danny Mann, Bernard Erhard, Greg Burson
Roles Writer
Rating70% 3.5461853.5461853.5461853.5461853.546185
Set in 1905 (the year the Little Nemo comic strip premiered in the New York Herald), the film opens with the young boy Nemo experiencing a nightmare in which he is pursued by a locomotive. Upon awakening the next day, he goes to see a parade welcoming a traveling circus. However, Nemo is unable to see the circus because his father and his mother are too busy to take him. Later that night, Nemo imitates sleepwalking in an attempt to sneak some pie away, which acts against a promise he had made earlier to his mother. Upon falling asleep that night, Nemo is approached by figures from the parade. The circus organist introduces himself as Professor Genius and claims that they had been sent on a mission by King Morpheus, the king of a realm named Slumberland. The mission involves Nemo becoming the playmate of the princess, Camille. Although Nemo initially has reservations about interacting with royalty of the opposite gender, he decides to set off to fulfill his mission after being persuaded with a gift box of cookies from the princess.
Dream One
Dream One (1984)
, 1h37
Directed by Arnaud Sélignac
Genres Fantasy, Adventure
Themes Films about magic and magicians, Children's films
Actors Jason Connery, Mathilda May, Nipsey Russell, Harvey Keitel, Carole Bouquet, Michel Blanc
Roles Comic Book
Rating44% 2.237222.237222.237222.237222.23722
Profitant de l'absence de ses parents, un petit garçon vivant dans un gratte-ciel à Manhattan prend l'ascenseur. Mais l'appareil accélère et ne s'arrête que sur un autre monde, où le soleil ne se lève jamais et où la neige est bleue.
The Sinking of the Lusitania, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Drama, War, Historical, Animation
Themes Seafaring films, Transport films, Documentary films about historical events, Documentary films about technology, Political films, Disaster films, Films about seafaring accidents or incidents
Actors Winsor McCay
Roles Writer
Rating67% 3.3903253.3903253.3903253.3903253.390325
The film opens with a live-action prologue in which McCay busies himself studying a picture of the Lusitania as a model for his film-in-progress. Intertitles boast of McCay as "the originator and inventor of Animated Cartoons", and of the 25,000 drawings needed to complete the film. McCay is shown working with a group of anonymous assistants on "the first record of the sinking of the Lusitania".
Gertie the Dinosaur, 12minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Themes Films about animals, Dinosaur films, La préhistoire, Animaux préhistoriques
Actors Winsor McCay, Max Fleischer, Tom Powers, John Bunny
Roles Writer
Rating70% 3.538783.538783.538783.538783.53878
When her master McCay calls her, the frisky, childlike Gertie appears from a cave. Her whip-wielding master has her do tricks such as raising her foot or bowing on command. When she feels she has been pushed too far, she nips back at her master. She cries when he scolds her, and he placates her with a pumpkin. Throughout the act, prehistoric denizens such as a flying lizard continually distract Gertie. She tosses a mammoth in the lake; when it teases her by spraying her with water, she hurls a boulder at it as it swims away. After she quenches her thirst by draining the lake, McCay has her carry him offstage while he bows to the audience.
How a Mosquito Operates, 6minutes
Directed by Winsor McCay
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Themes Films about animals, Films about insects
Roles Writer
Rating62% 3.145123.145123.145123.145123.14512
A man looks around apprehensively before entering his room to go to sleep. A giant mosquito (with top hat and briefcase) flies in through a transom after it finds itself too large to squeeze in through a keyhole. It repeatedly feeds on the sleeping man, who tries in vain to shoo away his assailant. Eventually, the mosquito drinks itself so full that it explodes.
Little Nemo
Directed by Winsor McCay, James Stuart Blackton
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Animation
Actors John Bunny, Winsor McCay, Maurice Costello, Moe Howard
Roles Writer
Rating70% 3.532743.532743.532743.532743.53274
Following credits proclaiming McCay as "The Famous Cartoonist of the New York Herald" and "the first artist to attempt drawing pictures that will move", McCay sits in a restaurant with a group of colleagues, cartoonist George McManus, actor John Bunny and publisher Eugene V. Brewster among them. McCay bets the group that in one month he can make 4,000 drawings move. The group laughs and gestures that he is drunk or crazy. McCay sets to work in a studio where he directs workers to move around bundles of paper and barrels of ink. A month later, McCay gathers his colleagues in front of a film projector. McCay rapidly sketches characters from the cast of his Little Nemo comic strip.
Dream of a Rarebit Fiend, 6minutes
Directed by Edwin S. Porter, Wallace McCutcheon
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Fantasy
Roles Writer
Rating66% 3.342913.342913.342913.342913.34291
The Rarebit Fiend gorges on Welsh rarebit at a restaurant. When he leaves, he begins to get dizzy as he starts to hallucinate. He desperately tries to hang onto a lamppost as the world spins all around him. A man helps him get home. He falls into bed and begins having more hallucinatory dreams. During a dream sequence, the furniture begins moving around the room. Imps emerge from a floating Welsh rarebit container and begin poking his head as he sleeps. His bed then begins dancing and spinning wildly around the room before flying out the window with the Fiend in it. The bed floats across the city as the Fiend floats up and off the bed. He hangs off the back and eventually gets caught on a weathervane atop a steeple. His bedclothes tear and he falls from the sky, crashing through his bedroom ceiling. The Fiend awakens from the dream after falling out of his bed.