The film tells the story of the Communist Labour College that opened in the 1960s. Long Guozheng, an emissary from the Communist government and Li Jinfeng, a female peasant student, must fight against the school's more conservative elements. In the film's climax, Li is put on trial and is about to be expelled from the school when she is saved by a pronouncement from Chairman Mao himself.
In late 1962, Jiao Yulu was appointed the second party boss of Lankao County in Henan province. As a consequence, this region declined into poverty and ignorance. The local residents have to contend with wind and sand storms, waterlogging, and alkaline lands. He was soon promoted to party boss because of his excellent work. Due to years of toil, Jiao Yulu broke down from constant overwork and suffered from liver cancer. On May 14, 1964, he died at the age of forty-two.
The real Chikuzan appears on a stage in a small theatre, Shibuya Jean-Jean, and begins telling the story of his life. The scene changes to his childhood. Sadazo (Chikuzan's real name) becomes partially blind due to illness at the age of three. Growing up he is bullied. His mother Toyo (Nobuko Otowa) buys him a shamisen and apprentices him to a blind bosama, a begging shamisen player. He finds that although his teacher begs, cajoles and wheedles, pleading poverty, the teacher is actually rich.
Sa Bang-ji is a hermaphrodite, born to a hardened criminal and mentally disturbed woman. Taken in at a monastery, Sa Bang-ji meets and falls in love with a grieving young widow, Lee So-sa, but she betrays him when their relationship is discovered by the elders in her family. Sa Bang-ji manages to escape and meets a shaman priestess named Myo-hwa, with whom he plots to take revenge. After Myo-hwa is killed, Sa Bang-ji and So-sa are reunited, but they Sa Bang-Ji is captured and killed, and So-sa commits suicide.