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Billy Wilder is a Actor, Director, Scriptwriter, Producer, Editor and Additional Writing American born on 22 june 1906 at Sucha Beskidzka (Pologne)

Billy Wilder

Billy Wilder
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Birth name Samuel Wilder
Nationality USA
Birth 22 june 1906 at Sucha Beskidzka (Pologne)
Death 27 march 2002 (at 95 years) at Beverly Hills (USA)
Awards National Medal of Arts, Academy Award for Best Director

Billy Wilder (22 June 1906 – 27 March 2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist, and journalist, whose career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood's golden age. Wilder is one of only five people to have won Academy Awards as producer, director, and writer for the same film (The Apartment).

Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin. After the rise of the Nazi Party, Wilder, who was Jewish, left for Paris, where he made his directorial debut. He relocated to Hollywood in 1933, and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay for the screwball comedy Ninotchka. Wilder established his directorial reputation with Double Indemnity (1944), a film noir he co-wrote with mystery novelist Raymond Chandler. Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story The Lost Weekend (1945), about alcoholism. In 1950, Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard.

From the mid-1950s on, Wilder made mostly comedies. Among the classics Wilder created in this period are the farces The Seven Year Itch (1955) and Some Like It Hot (1959), satires such as The Apartment (1960), and the drama comedy Sabrina (1954). He directed fourteen different actors in Oscar-nominated performances. Wilder was recognized with the American Film Institute (AFI) Life Achievement Award in 1986. In 1988, Wilder was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

Biography

Premières années
Issu d'une famille juive autrichienne, Samuel Wilder, du prénom de son grand-père maternel, naît dans une petite ville de l'empire austro-hongrois qui appartient aujourd'hui à la Pologne. Il est tout jeune lorsque la famille s'installe à Vienne, où lui et son frère Wilhelm font leurs études primaires et secondaires. Son père rêve de le voir devenir avocat ou médecin mais il quitte rapidement l'université et opte pour une carrière de journaliste. Sa mère a fait un séjour aux États-Unis et était fascinée par Billy the Kid ou les Buffalo Bill Wild West Shows, ce qui explique le surnom familial de Billy qu'il adopte ensuite à la place de son prénom officiel, Samuel.


Débuts professionnels
Il travaille pour un journal viennois, où il est chargé d'articles sur le sport, de faits-divers, et commence également à rédiger des critiques sur les spectacles, notamment le cinéma. En 1926, il s'établit à Berlin où il survit un temps en jouant le gigolo ou le danseur mondain à l'hôtel Eden, tout en commençant à écrire des récits et des ébauches d'histoires. Il collabore à un journal allemand local, Berliner Zeitung am Mittag, puis un tabloïd pour lesquels il rédige des articles mais aussi des nouvelles et des romans-feuilleton à succès, généralement policiers ou burlesques. Ses enquêtes le mettent en contact avec des milieux et des personnes variés et l'amènent à se familiariser avec une diversité de décors et de personnages que l'on retrouve plus tard dans ses films.

C'est l'époque du cinéma muet. Il travaille, souvent comme nègre pour des scénaristes à succès et collabore avec d'autres professionnels du cinéma, notamment Fred Zinnemann, alors opérateur, et Robert Siodmak. Le succès d'une de ces œuvres, Les Hommes le dimanche (1930) lui vaut de signer un contrat avec l'Universum Film AG en 1929. Il gagne bien sa vie et commence à collectionner des œuvres d'art contemporain, notamment des meubles signés Mies van der Rohe.


Exil
Son frère, Wilhelm, s'installe aux États-Unis dans le courant des années 1920. L'arrivée d'Adolf Hitler au pouvoir le contraint à son tour à l'exil. Il séjourne d'abord à Paris, à l'hôtel Ansonia, rue de Saïgon (où vécurent de nombreux exilés allemands et autrichiens), où il vit chichement et fréquente un milieu d'expatriés allemands qui compte Franz Waxman, Friedrich Hollaender ou Peter Lorre. Il réalise un film avec une jeune débutante, Danielle Darrieux, et Pierre Mingand : Mauvaise Graine. Joe May, un metteur en scène allemand, emporte un de ses scénarios à Hollywood et réussit à le placer en studio. Il contacte alors Wilder et lui demande de le rejoindre. Celui-ci obtient un visa de tourisme et s'embarque pour les États-Unis où la perspective d'une guerre le persuade de s'établir.


Carrière hollywoodienne

Il sait à peine parler l'anglais et part. Néanmoins, il assimile la langue rapidement. Il écrit beaucoup de nouvelles qu'il fait traduire de l'allemand et réussit à en vendre aux studios de cinéma. Grâce à cette activité et ses contacts (dont Peter Lorre avec qui il partage un temps un appartement), il réussit à percer à Hollywood et signe un contrat avec la Paramount Pictures. Il travaille cinq jours et demi par semaine, rédige des scénarios originaux ou retravaille les textes d'autres scénaristes.

En 1938, il entame avec Charles Brackett un partenariat prolifique qui débouche sur plusieurs classiques de la comédie américaine, dont La Huitième Femme de Barbe-Bleue (1938) et Ninotchka (1939) d'Ernst Lubitsch, autre immigré allemand qu'il considère toute sa vie comme son « seul Dieu ». Lorsque la Paramount fait appel à Gary Cooper pour donner la réplique à Ingrid Bergman dans Pour qui sonne le glas, Wilder et Brackett servent de monnaie d'échange et se retrouvent au service du producteur Samuel Goldwyn. Ils écrivent alors le scénario de Boule de feu (1941) et son remake Si bémol et Fa dièse de Howard Hawks. Wilder retourne ensuite travailler au sein de la Paramount. Il rêve de passer à la mise en scène mais la répartition du travail dans l'industrie du cinéma américain et le poids des syndicats professionnels empêchent les scénaristes de réaliser leurs propres scripts. Wilder se retrouve alors dans une situation similaire à celle de Preston Sturges et Joseph L. Mankiewicz.



Après une âpre négociation avec la Paramount et le producteur Arthur Hornblow Jr., il est autorisé à mettre en scène Uniformes et jupons courts (1942), suivi des Cinq Secrets du désert (1943). Avec la double casquette de réalisateur et de scénariste qu'il garde désormais de manière définitive, il signe un troisième long métrage coécrit avec Raymond Chandler : Assurance sur la mort (1944), adapté de James M. Cain, qui est sa première grande réussite et un modèle de film noir.

À partir de 1942, Charles Brackett produit plusieurs de ses films : Les Cinq Secrets du désert, Le Poison (1945), récompensé par quatre Oscars dont ceux du meilleur film, du meilleur réalisateur et du meilleur scénario adapté, qui traite de l'alcoolisme et Boulevard du crépuscule (1950) Oscar du meilleur scénario original avec Gloria Swanson star du cinéma muet. Ce film scelle la fin de la collaboration de Wilder avec Brackett. Dès lors, Wilder devient producteur de la plupart de ses œuvres.

Le cinéma de Billy Wilder devient plus caustique et cynique : il tourne notamment Le Gouffre aux chimères (1951), son film préféré.



En 1957, il entame une collaboration prolifique avec le scénariste I.A.L. Diamond et leur entente est telle que les deux hommes travaillent ensemble sur une dizaine de films et livrent au passage quelques classiques parmi lesquels Certains l'aiment chaud (1959) et La Garçonnière (1960), couronné par cinq Oscars dont ceux du meilleur film, du meilleur réalisateur et meilleur scénario original.

Il dirige également Marilyn Monroe dans Sept Ans de réflexion (1955) et dans Certains l'aiment chaud où elle a pour partenaires Jack Lemmon (qu'il fera jouer dans sept films en 12 ans) et Tony Curtis. Billy Wilder tourne ses derniers films en Europe, comme Alfred Hitchcock, et prend sa retraite en 1981.


Mort
Billy Wilder est mort d'une pneumonie le 27 mars 2002 à Beverly Hills en Californie aux États-Unis.

Best films

Sabrina (1995)
(Original Film Writer)
Irma la Douce (1963)
(Director)
The Apartment (1960)
(Director)
Some Like It Hot (1959)
(Director)
The Lost Weekend (1945)
(Director)
Stalag 17 (1953)
(Director)

Usually with

Doane Harrison
Doane Harrison
(22 films)
Edith Head
Edith Head
(13 films)
Source : Wikidata

Filmography of Billy Wilder (73 films)

Display filmography as list

Scriptwriter

The Apartment, 2h5
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Comedy-drama, Romantic comedy, Romance
Themes Films about sexuality, Films about the labor movement, Musical films
Actors Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, David Lewis, Jack Kruschen
Roles Ecrivain
Rating82% 4.149374.149374.149374.149374.14937
Calvin Clifford (C. C.) "Bud" Baxter (Jack Lemmon) is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City. In order to climb the corporate ladder, Bud allows four company managers, who reinforce their position over him by regularly calling him "Buddy Boy", to take turns borrowing his Upper West Side apartment for their various extramarital liaisons, which are so noisy that his neighbors assume that he is bringing home different women every night.
Some Like It Hot, 2h1
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Musical theatre, Romantic comedy, Musical, Crime, Romance
Themes Mafia films, Films about sexuality, Transport films, Erotic films, LGBT-related films, Transgender in film, Rail transport films, Musical films, Gangster films, LGBT-related films, LGBT-related film, Cross-dressing in film
Actors Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis, Jack Lemmon, George Raft, Joe E. Brown, Pat O'Brien
Rating81% 4.099364.099364.099364.099364.09936
It is February 1929 in the city of Chicago, Joe (Tony Curtis) is an irresponsible jazz saxophone player, gambler and ladies' man; his friend Jerry (Jack Lemmon) is a sensible jazz double-bass player. They accidentally witness the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. When the gangsters, led by "Spats" Colombo (George Raft), spot them, the two run for their lives. Penniless and in a mad rush to get out of town, the two musicians take a job with Sweet Sue (Joan Shawlee) and her Society Syncopators, an all-female band headed to Miami. Disguised as women and renaming themselves Josephine and Daphne, they board a train with the band and their male manager, Bienstock. Before they board the train, Joe and Jerry notice Sugar Kane (Marilyn Monroe), the band's vocalist and ukulele player.
The Spirit of St. Louis, 2h15
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Biography, Action, Adventure, Historical
Themes Transport films, Aviation films
Actors James Stewart, Patricia Smith, Creighton Hale, Aaron Spelling, Bartlett Robinson, Murray Hamilton
Rating70% 3.5455253.5455253.5455253.5455253.545525
On May 19, 1927, after waiting for a week for the rain to stop, pilot Charles A. "Slim" Lindbergh (James Stewart) tries to rest in a hotel near Roosevelt Field on Long Island, New York, prior to a transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. His friend Frank Mahoney (Bartlett Robinson) guards his hotel room door from reporters. Unable to sleep, Lindbergh reminisces about his time as an airmail pilot.
Love in the Afternoon, 2h10
Directed by Billy Wilder, Noël Howard, Alain Boudet
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Romantic comedy, Crime, Romance
Actors Gary Cooper, Audrey Hepburn, Maurice Chevalier, Franz Waxman, Van Doude, John McGiver
Rating70% 3.5488153.5488153.5488153.5488153.548815
Young cello student Ariane Chavasse (Audrey Hepburn) eavesdrops on a conversation between her father, widowed private detective Claude Chavasse (Maurice Chevalier), and his client, "Monsieur X" (John McGiver). After learning of his wife's daily trysts with American business magnate Frank Flannagan (Gary Cooper), Monsieur X announces he will shoot Flannagan later that day. Claude is nonchalant, regretting only the business he will lose (Flannagan is a well-known international playboy with a long history of numerous casual affairs). When Ariane cannot get the police to intervene (until after a crime has been committed), she decides to warn him herself.
Witness for the Prosecution, 1h56
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Thriller, Crime
Themes Théâtre, Films based on plays
Actors Tyrone Power, Marlene Dietrich, Charles Laughton, Elsa Lanchester, Una O'Connor, John Williams
Rating83% 4.1989554.1989554.1989554.1989554.198955
Sir Wilfrid Robarts (Charles Laughton), a master barrister in ill health, takes on Leonard Vole (Tyrone Power) as a client, despite the objections of his private nurse, Miss Plimsoll (Elsa Lanchester), who says the doctor warns him against taking on any criminal cases. Vole is accused of murdering Mrs. Emily French (Norma Varden), a rich, older widow who had become enamored of him, going so far as to make him the main beneficiary of her will. Strong circumstantial evidence points to Vole as the killer, but Sir Wilfrid believes Vole is innocent.
The Seven Year Itch, 1h40
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Romantic comedy, Romance
Themes Films about sexuality, Erotic films, Films based on plays, Children's films
Actors Marilyn Monroe, Tom Ewell, Evelyn Keyes, Robert Strauss, Sonny Tufts, Oskar Homolka
Rating70% 3.549483.549483.549483.549483.54948
Richard Sherman (Tom Ewell) is a nerdy, faithful, middle-aged publishing executive with an overactive imagination and a mid-life crisis, whose wife Helen (Evelyn Keyes) and son Ricky (Butch Bernard) are spending the summer in Maine. When he returns home with the kayak paddle Ricky accidentally left behind, he meets a woman (Marilyn Monroe), a commercial actress and former model who rents the apartment upstairs while in town to make television spots for a brand of toothpaste. That evening, he works on proofreading a book in which psychiatrist Dr. Brubaker (Oskar Homolka) claims that a significant proportion of men have extra-marital affairs in the seventh year of marriage. He has an imaginary conversation with Helen, trying to convince her, in three fantasy sequences, that he is irresistible to women, including his secretary, a nurse and her bridesmaid, but she laughs it off. A tomato plant then crashes into his lounge chair; the woman upstairs apologizes for accidentally knocking it over, and Richard invites her down for a drink.
Emil and the Detectives
Directed by Robert A. Stemmle
Origin German
Genres Comedy, Adventure, Crime
Themes Children's films
Actors Heli Finkenzeller, Wolfgang Lukschy, Kurt Meisel, Margarete Haagen, Camilla Spira, Roland Kaiser
Rating65% 3.2969653.2969653.2969653.2969653.296965
Emil se rend à Berlin pour voir sa grand-mère avec une grosse somme d'argent et se voit offrir des bonbons par un homme étrange qui l'endorment. Il se réveille à son arrêt sans argent. C'est à lui et à un groupe d'enfants de sauver la situation.
Sabrina
Sabrina (1954)
, 1h53
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Comedy-drama, Romantic comedy, Romance
Themes Films based on plays
Actors Humphrey Bogart, Audrey Hepburn, William Holden, Walter Hampden, Martha Hyer, John Williams
Rating75% 3.7991153.7991153.7991153.7991153.799115
Sabrina Fairchild (Audrey Hepburn) is the young daughter of the Larrabee family's chauffeur, Thomas, and she has been in love with David Larrabee (William Holden) all her life. David is an oft-married, idle playboy, crazy for women, who has never noticed Sabrina, much to her and the household staff's dismay.
Stalag 17
Stalag 17 (1953)
, 2h
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, War, Thriller, Comedy, Comedy-drama, Historical, Romance
Themes Military humor in film, Prison films, Théâtre, Political films, Évasion, Films based on plays
Actors William Holden, Don Taylor, Otto Preminger, Sig Ruman, Robert Strauss, Peter Graves
Roles Writer
Rating79% 3.9982653.9982653.9982653.9982653.998265
Stalag 17 begins on "the longest night of the year" in 1944 in a Luftwaffe prisoner-of-war camp somewhere along the Danube River. The story is narrated by Clarence Harvey "Cookie" Cook (Gil Stratton). The camp holds Poles, Czechs, Russian females and, in the American compound, 640 sergeants from bomber crews, gunners, radiomen, and flight engineers.
Ace in the Hole, 1h51
Directed by Billy Wilder
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Noir
Themes Films about writers, Films about journalists
Actors Kirk Douglas, Jan Sterling, Robert Arthur, Porter Hall, Gene Evans, Richard Benedict
Roles Writer
Rating80% 4.047144.047144.047144.047144.04714
Chuck Tatum is a fiercely ambitious, self-centered, wisecracking, down-on-his-luck reporter who has worked his way down the ladder. He has come west to New Mexico from New York City, along the way being fired from eleven newspapers for libel, adultery, and heavy drinking, among other charges. Now that his car has broken down and Tatum is broke, he talks his way into a reporting job for the Albuquerque Sun-Bulletin, a paper of little consequence.
The Unexpected Voyager, 1h28
Directed by Jean Stelli
Origin France
Genres Drama, Comedy, Crime
Actors Georges Marchal, Dany Robin, Lucienne Le Marchand, Jean Tissier, Albert Dinan, Robert Berri

Marc, photographe, s'emploie par amour à aider Dany, une voleuse de voitures, à se remettre dans le droit chemin : il lui propose de travailler avec lui, comme modèle. Mais les anciens complices de la jeune femme compromettent cette action.
Sunset Boulevard, 1h50
Directed by Billy Wilder, Charles C. Coleman, Gerd Oswald
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy-drama, Noir, Romance
Themes Films about films, Films about writers, Medical-themed films, Psychologie, Films about television, Mise en scène d'un scénariste, Films about psychiatry
Actors William Holden, Gloria Swanson, Erich von Stroheim, Nancy Olson, Robert Emmett O'Connor, Fred Clark
Rating83% 4.1994554.1994554.1994554.1994554.199455
At a Sunset Boulevard mansion, the body of Joe Gillis floats in the swimming pool. In a flashback, Joe relates the events leading to his death.
The Bishop's Wife, 1h49
Directed by Henry Koster
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Romantic comedy, Fantasy, Romance
Themes Christmas films, Films about religion, Films about angels
Actors Cary Grant, Loretta Young, David Niven, Monty Woolley, James Gleason, Gladys Cooper
Roles Writer
Rating75% 3.796613.796613.796613.796613.79661
Bishop Henry Brougham (David Niven), troubled with funding the building of a new cathedral, prays for divine guidance. His plea is seemingly answered by a suave angel named Dudley (Cary Grant), who reveals his identity only to the clergyman.
The Emperor Waltz, 1h45
Directed by Billy Wilder, Charles Brackett
Origin USA
Genres Comedy, Musical theatre, Musical, Romance
Themes Films about animals, Films about music and musicians, Films about dogs, Musical films
Actors Bing Crosby, Joan Fontaine, Roland Culver, Lucile Watson, Richard Haydn, Harold Vermilyea
Roles Writer
Rating59% 2.999912.999912.999912.999912.99991
At the turn of the twentieth century, traveling salesman Virgil Smith (Bing Crosby) journeys to Vienna, Austria hoping to sell a gramophone to Emperor Franz Joseph, whose purchase of the recent American invention could spur its popularity with the Austrian people. At the same time, Countess Johanna Augusta Franziska von Stoltzenberg-Stolzenberg (Joan Fontaine) and her father, Baron Holenia, are celebrating the fact their black poodle Scheherezade has been selected to mate with the emperor's poodle. As they depart from the palace, they meet Virgil and his white fox terrier Buttons, whose scuffle with Scheherezade leads to a discussion about class distinctions.
A Foreign Affair, 1h56
Directed by Billy Wilder, Charles C. Coleman, Gerd Oswald
Origin USA
Genres Drama, Comedy, Comedy-drama, Romantic comedy, Romance
Actors Jean Arthur, Marlene Dietrich, John Lund, Millard Mitchell, Stanley Prager, William Murphy
Rating72% 3.6464553.6464553.6464553.6464553.646455
In 1947, a United States congressional committee which includes prim Phoebe Frost of Iowa (Jean Arthur) arrives in post-World War II Berlin to visit the American troops stationed there. Phoebe hears rumors that cabaret torch singer Erika von Schlütow (Marlene Dietrich), suspected of being the former mistress of either Hermann Göring or Joseph Goebbels, is being protected by an unidentified American officer. She enlists Captain John Pringle (John Lund) to assist in her investigation, unaware he is Erika's current lover.